Collection "Roads and bridges" - Issue 46-2/2021



SOME ASPECTS OF STAFFING FOR THE NATIONAL PROJECT «SAFE HIGH-QUALITY ROADS» IN THE SOUTH AND NORTH CAUCASIAN FEDERAL DISTRICTS

  • Ph. D. (Tech.) R.V. Kargin
    (North-Caucasian branch of
    the FAI «ROSDORNII»;
    Rostov State Transport University),
    Ph. D. (Tech.) E.А. Shemshura
    (North-Caucasian branch of
    the FAI «ROSDORNII»)
    Contact information: kargin@rosdornii.ru
  • Abstract: The article presents the analysis results of the situation concerning the training of personnel with higher education for the road sector in the Southern and North-Caucasus Federal Districts in comparison with the indicators characterizing the road network in these districts during the implementation of the priority project «Safe and high-quality roads» and the national project «Safe high-quality roads». The directions of further researches for the quantitative assessment of specialists with higher education in the field of road and the impact of the education level of road organizations staff on the road network condition are determined.
  • Keywords: national project «Safe high-quality roads», road, safety, quality, standards-compliant condition, higher education, university, training direction and profile.
  • UDC: 625.7/.8
  • File: Download

IMPROVEMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR ROAD GEOMETRIC ELEMENTS AT THE SITES OF WEIGH-IN-MOTION SYSTEMS

  • Ph. D. (Tech.) I.A. Rakhimova,
    Engineer M.D. Filippov
    (FAI «ROSDORNII»)
    Contact information: rakhimova@rosdornii.ru;
    filippov@rosdornii.ru
  • Abstract: The article describes proposals for the normalization of requirements for the geometric elements of road sections with Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) systems, the justification of such requirements is presented, and a comparative analysis with the current foreign requirements for road sections with WIM Systems is carried out. It is shown that the requirements for geometric elements of road sections with WIM Systems should be increased in comparison with the requirements for public roads in terms of longitudinal and transversal slopes, curves radii in plan and longitudinal profile.
  • Keywords: Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) systems, geometric elements, requirements, longitudinal slope, transversal slope, curve radius.
  • UDC: 625.8:656.11
  • File: Download

IMPROVEMENT OF THE CALCULATION PROCEDURE FLEXIBLE ROAD PAVEMENTS USING THE APPLICATION OF THE ELASTICITY THEORY SOLUTION FOR A MULTILAYER HALF-SPACE

  • Head of the Road Transport and Operational
    Condition Assessment Laboratory
    M.Yu. Gorsky,
    Head of the Asphalt Concrete Laboratory
    G.F. Kadyrov
    (ANO «NII TSK»),
    Ph. D. (Tech.), Chief Engineer A.V. Streltsov
    (OOO «NTC «GEOTEKHNOLOGII»),
    Ph. D. (in Economics), General Director
    E.N. Simchuk
    (ANO «NII TSK»)
    Contact information: gorskiy@niitsk.ru;
    georgijk39@gmail.com;
    sntc@mail.ru
  • Abstract: The article deals with the issues of calculation procedure flexible road pavements using the application of the elastic theory solution for a multilayer half-space. The results of studies in comparison with existing methods for calculating the parameters of the stress-strain state of multilayer structures under the influence of wheel loads are presented. The recommendations on the application of the solution for a multilayer half-space when designing flexible road pavements are given.
  • Keywords: flexible road pavements, multilayer half-space, two-layer halfspace, stresses, strains, calculation.
  • UDC: 625.72:625.855.3
  • File: Download

SELECTION OF THE MAIN REPAIR TECHNOLOGIES OF POTHOLES IN ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS UNDER ADVERSE CONDITIONS

  • Ph. D. (Tech.) S.V. Polyakova
    (FAI «ROSDORNII»)
    Contact information: PolyakovaSV@rosdornii.ru
  • Abstract: The article provides an analysis of the best foreign and domestic experience in the issues of effective and long-term repair of potholes in the asphalt concrete pavement of roads, carried out in the field of road sector under adverse conditions. The criteria for choosing the main technologies for patching potholes in asphalt concrete pavement are given. The list of laboratory tests for innovative cold mixes is provided.
  • Keywords: repair of asphalt concrete pavement, potholes, adverse conditions, innovative cold mixes, cold patches.
  • UDC: 625.855.3
  • File: Download

ABOUT THE DETERMINATION OF SOME GEOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RUT ON THE ROAD CARRIAGEWAY

  • Ph. D. (Tech.) N.A. Lushnikov
    (RUT (MIIT)),
    Ph. D. (Tech.) P.A. Lushnikov,
    Engineer D.I. Kovalev
    (FAI «ROSDORNII»)
    Contact information: lab10@mail.ru;
    P.lushnikov@rosdornii.ru
  • Abstract: The article considers the geometric parameters of the rut on the road pavement: its depth and the average slope angle of rut’s side wall. The method for determining the slope angle is proposed. The examples are given.
  • Keywords: pavement distress, rutting, average slope angle of rut’s side wall.
  • UDC: 625.7
  • File: Download

EXPERIENCE OF COMPLEX ROAD PAVEMENTS SURVEYS WITH THE USE OF GROUND PENETRATING RADARS AND IMPACT LOADING UNITS

  • Ph. D. (Tech.) R.A. Eremin,
    Doctor of Engineering, Professor
    A.M. Kulizhnikov
    (FAI «ROSDORNII»)
    Contact information: EreminRA@rosdornii.ru; KulizhnikovAM@rosdornii.ru
  • Abstract: The experience of joint use of Ground Penetrating Radars (GPR) and impact loading units (Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)) during roads survey with the purpose of determining the strength properties of road pavements is considered. Domestic and foreign experience of complex surveys since 1998 has been analyzed. The main parameters obtained from the results of impact loading and GPR investigations, used nowadays in calculating the strength of road pavements are presented. The ways of improving the methodology of complex calculation of the strength of road pavements are proposed.
  • Keywords: road pavement, strength, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), dynamic load, dynamic loading unit (Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD)), impact loading, stresses, deformations, layers thickness, attribute analysis, speed, electromagnetic waves, dielectric permittivity.
  • UDC: 625.8:550.835
  • File: Download

ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF CALCULATION METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE LOAD-BEARING CAPACITY OF PILES ACCORDING TO THE EUROCODE 7 AND COMPARISON WITH THE STANDARTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

  • Head of the Department A.G. Yerzinkyan
    (Project Risk Management Group
    JSC «RASU»; GC «Rosatom»),
    Researcher N.M. Rozanova,
    Vice Technical Director N.Y. Novak
    («Masterskaya Mostov» LLC)
    Contact information: ench44@yandex.ru;
    nmrozanova@bk.ru;
    novaknyu@bk.ru
  • Abstract: When developing the concepts of updating the domestic construction rules of the 2000s, one of the directions of the movement was the convergence with the norms of the European Union. And although the interest in harmonization with the Eurocode has faded in recent years, there are still disputes in the scientific community about the possibility of introducing the best European practices into the system of Russian regulatory documentation. Like Russian, European design methods are based on the provisions of the theory of limit states, which was developed during the construction boom after the end of the Second World War. Despite the presence of a common basis, the methods of calculations and approaches to the design of construction structures that exist today have serious differences. This can be traced not only in the difference between Russian and European regulatory documentation, but also in the approaches adopted in various EU countries.
    As part of the work under the state contract for the development of GOST R «Automobile roads of general use. Bridge constructions. Rules for the design of bearings and foundations», work has been carried out on the collection and analysis of domestic and foreign regulatory documents, as well as current methodological documents related to the design and calculation of foundations. The design analysis of approaches to the collection of loads, coefficient systems and applied methods for assessing the load-bearing capacity was carried out, similarities and differences between the theoretical bases of the Russian Federation and the EU were revealed.
    The purpose of this article is to compare the results obtained during the calculations, according to the three given in the seventh volume Eurocode (EN 7) approaches to design and calculations according to JV 24.13330.2011. 155 The above-described peculiarities are considered by the example of calculating the load-bearing capacity of a bored pile in sandy-clayey soils. The comments to the above calculations are also given, and the conclusions based on the results of the analysis on the prospects of harmonization and the development of domestic design practice are presented.
  • Keywords: Eurocode, regulatory documentation, load-bearing capacity, pile foundations, design approaches, calculation methods.
  • UDC: 624.154:006.05
  • File: Download

THE CALCULATION THEORY OF THE STRENGTH OF BENDING REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS ALONG INCLINED SECTIONS BASED ON A TWO-BLOCK CALCULATION SCHEME WITH AN EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION

  • Ph.D. (Tech.), Associate Professor
    I.N. Starishko
    (Vologda State University (VSU))
    Contact information: starishkoi@mail.ru
  • Abstract: The calculation of the strength of bending reinforced concrete elements along inclined sections, laid down in current regulatory documents SP 63.13330.2012 «Concrete and reinforced concrete structures», as well as some other calculation methods, developed by both domestic and foreign researchers, have many disadvantages, often causing the discrepancy of calculation results with experienced results. One of the reasons for this is the narrow focus of many experimental studies, on the basis of which the specified calculation method has been developed.
    The disadvantages of the calculation theory of the strength of bending reinforced concrete elements along inclined sections, laid down in current regulatory documents, and the ways of its improvement are described. The calculation method of bending reinforced concrete elements along inclined sections, proposed by the author of the article, is based on numerous both own (more than 500 bending elements tested) and other domestic and foreign experimental and theoretical studies, including the studies of E.M Zvoyer. (USA) (see further the example of calculating the strength of inclined sections of a bending reinforced concrete beam, taken from his experimental studies).
    The advantage of this calculation method is that, when solving problems of determining the bearing capacity of bending reinforced concrete elements along inclined sections, it is necessary to perform calculations on strength and cracks formation in normal sections beforehand, as well as calculations at the stage of development of inclined cracks. Herewith, an interrelation is used in the development of a stress-strain state under the action of a load in both normal and inclined sections to the longitudinal axis of the elements, up to the destruction of the beams, obtained as a result of experimental and theoretical studies. Such a comprehensive consideration of the main factors, affecting the formation and development of cracks, and also the bearing capacity of bending reinforced concrete elements along inclined sections, ensures a close match between experimental and calculated data, 189 increases reliability, durability and cost-effectiveness of constructions during their operation.
  • Keywords: bending elements, equilibrium equations, concrete strength criteria, shear spans, bearing capacity, experimental studies, inclined sections, stress-strain state, influence factors, calculation method.
  • UDC: 624.046.2
  • File: Download

INSTALLATION TECHNOLOGY OF REINFORCED STONEMASTIC JOINTS AT LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURES AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR QUALITY

  • Head of Laboratory A.N. Naumovets
    (State Enterprise «Gordormaterialy»),
    Ph. D. (Tech.), Associate Professor
    T.A. Chistova
    (Belarusian National Technical
    University (BNTU))
    Contact information: evsikovaanna@mail.ru;
    tatchistova@icloud.com
  • Abstract: The article proposes a technology of installation of expansion joint with stone-mastic filler. A dispersed-reinforced composite with a layer in the form of a geosynthetic mesh is used for realizing stone-mastic joints. This construction is able to withstand increased deformations from the movements of bridge spans and the effect of dynamic transport load. The technology of installation of stone-mastic joints ensures the performance of work at low ambient temperatures. The developed method of quality control of the installed joints makes it possible to assess the material sustainability in filling the joint under its operating conditions.
  • Keywords: expansion joint of filled type, stone-mastic filling, dispersed reinforcement, stress-strain state, deformation energy.
  • UDC: 625.855.32:624.21
  • File: Download

JUSTIFICATION OF RELIABILITY AND SERVICE LIFE OF DESIGNED BRIDGES

  • Ph. D. (Tech.), Associate Professor
    D.A. Shestovitskiy
    (Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS))
    Contact information: irinas@stpr.ru
  • Abstract: The article outlines the problem concerning the purpose and justification of the service life of designed bridges, as well as the lack of standardization of constructions’ reliability in domestic standards. When carrying out the directive assignment of service life at the level of 70-100 years, the regulatory documents lack mechanisms for calculating and justifying the service life for the particular structure, taking into account its operation conditions. The equations of limiting states do not contain a time variable, and the reliability coefficients to the design resistances and loads take into account their probabilistic spread, but not changes in these parameters over time. The review of the standardization of the reliability of constructions in domestic and European literature is done. A modern approach to forecasting and justifying the service life of bridges is considered.
  • Keywords: bridges, service life, reliability, safety characteristics.
  • UDC: 624.21.093.004
  • File: Download

ABOUT THE ASSESSMENT OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF BRIDGE STRUCTURES PIERS

  • Doctor of Engineering, Professor V.P. Eremeev (JSC «Specremproekt»),
    Ph. D. (Tech.) I.K. Matveev
    (FSBI «Rosdortekhnologiya»),
     Engineer P.V. Eremeev,
    Chief Project Engineer R.V. Kuznetsov
    (JSC «Specremproekt»)
    Contact information: srp-proekt@yandex.ru; ikmatveev@yandex.ru;
    pavil-66@inbox.ru;
    archroman@yandex.ru
  • Abstract: In the absence of reliable data on piers foundations construction in technical specifications for repair design, it is usually proposed to perform static tests of piers. The soils testing according to the GOST 5686-94 methodology by applying a load stepwise increasing in time to the foundations 244 of bridge structures is too long in time and most frequently cannot be implemented. The article considers 4 examples of testing bridge structures using various methods.
  • Keywords: static tests, dynamic tests, vibration diagnostics, bridge structures, bridge piers.
  • UDC: 624.21/.8
  • File: Download

METHODS OF EXPERT ASSESSMENTS IN ROAD SAFETY AUDIT

  • Ph. D. (Tech.) A.L. Rybin
    (FAI «ROSDORNII»)
    Contact information: Rybin@rosdornii.ru
  • Abstract: The article considers the methods of auditors' group expert assessment of the causes of accidents at the places of concentration of road traffic accidents. The methodology for assessing the competence of auditors is proposed.
  • Keywords: road safety audit, road traffic accident, cause of road traffic accident, road traffic safety.
  • UDC: 656.13.06
  • File: Download

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF THREE-LANE ROAD NETWORK DEVELOPMENT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

  • Ph. D. (Tech.) B.B. Anokhin,
    Engineer D.A. Strakhova
    (FAI «ROSDORNI»)
    Contact information: anokhin@rosdornii.ru;
    8 (499) 759-41-23 (6136)
  • Abstract: The article discusses the issue of the possibility of developing the network of roads «2+1» in the Russian Federation on the basis of foreign experience and international agreements.
  • Keywords: traffic safety, traffic organization, two-lane highways, three-lane highways, reverse traffic.
  • UDC: 625.7/.8
  • File: Download

COMPLEX OF MEASURES FOR INCREASING TRAFFIC CAPACITY OF ROAD SECTIONS WHEN APPROACHING CITIES

  • Ph. D. (Tech.) A.U. Sharov,
    Ph. D. (Tech.) M.V. Savsiuk,
    Master degree K.V. Ladeyschikov,
    Master degree N.V. Ladeyschikov
    (Ural State Forest Engineering
    University (USLTU))
    Contact information: uralberg@yandex.ru
  • Abstract: The article discusses the measures concerning road equipment to increase traffic capacity by coordinating traffic flow and pedestrian flow.
  • Keywords: road, traffic capacity, pedestrian flow, traffic flow, equipment, settlement
  • UDC: 625.7/.8:656.05
  • File: Download

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOSYNTHETIC MATERIALS FOR REINFORCEMENT OF ASPHALT CONCRETE LAYERS OF ROAD PAVEMENTS

  • First Deputy General Director D.V. Medvedev,
    Ph. D. (Tech.), Head of Certification Body
    S.A. Bogomolova
    Ph. D. (Econ.), General Director E.N. Simchuk
    (ANO «Research Institute Transport and Construction Complex» (NII «TSK»)
    Contact information: niitsk@niitsk.ru
  • Abstract: The article provides an overview of foreign and domestic experience in the selection of operational characteristics of geosynthetic materials for reinforcement of asphalt concrete layers of road pavements. An analysis of the results of comparative tests of geosynthetic materials is given, on the basis of which a range of technical characteristics has been formed, standardized in GOST R 55029-2012. An approach to updating the range when preparing an updated version of GOST R 55029 in 2020 is outlined. The directions of improving the regulatory framework of the road construction sector in terms of requirements for the road pavement constructions reinforced with geosynthetic materials are proposed.
  • Keywords: geosynthetic materials, operational characteristics, reinforcement of asphalt concrete layers, tensile strength of the material.
  • UDC: 006.05:69:625.855.3
  • File: Download

WAYS OF REDUCING CARBON FOOTPRINT AND PROSPECTS FOR ACHIEVING CARBON NEUTRALITY IN THE LIFE CYCLE OF A HIGHWAY

  • Doctor of Engineering, Professor
    Yu.V. Trofimenko,
    Post-graduate student A.S. Vinogradova (Moscow Automobile and Road State
    Technical University (MADI))
    Contact information: anastasia.grapeson@gmail.com
  • Abstract: The article considers ways to reduce carbon footprint and achieve carbon neutrality of a highway by analyzing the adsorption capacity of roadside ecosystems, changing the speed limit and replacing vehicles with internal combustion engines with electric vehicles and hybrids.
  • Keywords: carbon footprint, carbon neutrality, highway, roadside ecosystems, greenhouse gases.
  • UDC: 625.7
  • File: Download

TO THE ANNIVERSARY OF BORIS BORISOVICH ANOKHIN

  • Abstract: The largest Russian road scientist Boris Borisovich Anokhin turned 80 on August 8, 2021!
  • File: Download